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      ¨Ò¡ÀÒ¾áÊ´§¢éÒ§µé¹ àÃÒ¨ÐàÃÔèÁÊѧࡵàË繨ҡ Preponsterous Futures ·ÕèËÁÒ¶֧͹Ҥµ·Õèà»ç¹ä»äÁèä´é ¡µÑÇÍÂèÒ§àªè¹ ¡ÒôѺ¢Í§´Ç§ÍÒ·ÔµÂì¡è͹»Õ ¾.È. 2600 ËÃ×Í¡ÒáàÅÔ¡¡ÒÃãªéÀÒÉÒä·Â à»ç¹ÀÒÉÒÃÒª¡Òâͧ»ÃÐà·Èä·Âã¹ÍÕ¡ 1 »Õ¢éҧ˹éÒ à»ç¹µé¹ Possible Futures ËÃ×Í͹Ҥµ·ÕèÍÒ¨à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ä´éáµèÁÑ¡¶Ù¡ÁͧÇèÒÁÕâÍ¡ÒʵèÓà¾ÃÒÐäÁèàª×èÍÁ⧡Ѻà˵ءÒóìÊÀÒ¾¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹ä»ËÃ×Íͧ¤ì¤ÇÒÁÃÙé·ÕèÁÕ㹻Ѩ¨ØºÑ¹ àªè¹ ¡ÒÃÊÙ­¾Ñ¹¸ì¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂì¨Ò¡âäÃкҴ ËÃ×Í¡ÒáàÅÔ¡à§Ô¹ÂÙâÃà»ç¹Ë¹Öè§ã¹Ê¡ØÅà§Ô¹¡ÅÒ§¢Í§âÅ¡ Plausible Futures ËÃ×Í͹Ҥµ·ÕèÁͧÇèÒà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ä´éàÁ×èÍ·Ó¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËìÍÂèÒ§ÁÕà˵ØÁռŨҡ¢éÍÁÙÅáÅÐͧ¤ì¤ÇÒÁÃÙé·ÕèÁÕ㹻Ѩ¨ØºÑ¹) àªè¹ ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´¡ÒÃá¾ÃèÃкҴ¢Í§â¤âùèÒäÇÃÑÊ (COVID-19) ÃÐÅÍ¡·ÕèÊͧ㹻ÃÐà·Èä·Â Projected Futures ËÃ×Í͹Ҥµ·Õè¤Ò´¡ÒóìÇèÒ¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÍÂèÒ§á¹è¹Í¹à¾ÃÒÐà»ç¹¼Å¡Ãзºâ´ÂµÃ§¨Ò¡¡ÒáÃзÓ㹻Ѩ¨ØºÑ¹ àªè¹ ¡Òÿ×é¹µÑǢͧµÅÒ´ËØé¹ã¹¡ÅØèÁºÃÔÉÑ·¡ÒúԹËÅѧ¨Ò¡¡ÒáàÅÔ¡ÁÒµÃÒ¡ÒûԴ»ÃÐà·È·ÑèÇâÅ¡ ËÃ×Í¡Òõ×è¹µÑÇÁÒ¡¢Öé¹´éÒ¹¡Òèѡ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅéÍÁËÅѧà¡Ô´ÀѾԺѵԷҧ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ Probable Futures ËÃ×Í͹Ҥµ·Õè»ÃÐàÁÔ¹ÇèÒ¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Öé¹â´ÂÍÔ§¨Ò¡¡ÒÃãªéʶԵԤӹdzµÒÁâÍ¡Òʢͧ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´¢Öé¹áÅСÒäҴ¤Ð๢ͧá¹Çâ¹éÁ·ÕèÁÕÍÂÙè㹻Ѩ¨ØºÑ¹) àªè¹ âÍ¡ÒÊ·Õè¨Ðä´éáµéÁà»ç¹àÅ¢¤Ùè㹡Ò÷ÍÂÅÙ¡àµëÒ 1 ÅÙ¡ 1 ¤ÃÑé§ ËÃ×Í ¡ÒûÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁàÊÕè§à¾×èÍ¡ÒÃŧ·Ø¹ áÅÐ Preferable Futures ËÃ×Í͹Ҥµ·Õè¾Ö§»ÃÐʧ¤ì ËÃ×Í͹Ҥµ·Õèµéͧ¡ÒÃãËéà¡Ô´¢Öé¹) àªè¹ ¡ÒáÓ˹´¼Å¡Óäèҡ¡ÒûÃСͺ¡Òà ËÃ×Í¡ÒõÑé§à»éÒËÁÒÂãËé¡Ãا෾ÁËÒ¹¤Ãà»ç¹àÁ×ͧ»ÅÍ´ÁžÔÉ

      ¡ÃÇÂáËè§Í¹Ò¤µ¢Í§âÇâÃʪèÇÂãËéàÃÒàËç¹ä´éÇèÒ͹Ҥµ·ÕèÊÁ¤ÇÃä´éÃѺ¡ÒþԨÒóҵèÍÂÍ´ à¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÇҧἹ¹Ñ鹤×Í͹ҤµÃٻẺä˹ºéÒ§ ·ÇèÒËÒ¡àÃÒµéͧ¡ÒõդÇÒÁãËé¡ÃШèÒ§ÁÒ¡¢Öé¹à¾×èÍ¡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨ÍÂèÒ§à»ç¹ÃÙ»¸ÃÃÁ ͹Ҥµ·Õè¤ÇÃãËé¤ÇÒÁÊӤѭ¤×Í͹Ҥµã¹ËÅÑ¡ 3P (Possible Futures, Probable Futures, áÅÐ Preferable Futures) â´Â¤ÇèѴÅӴѺ¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡¾Ô¨ÒóҪ¹Ô´¢Í§Í¹Ò¤µ·Õè¨ÐÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹ËÅÑ¡¡ÒùÕé µÒÁ¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËì¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁ«Ñº«é͹¢Í§ºÃÔº··ÕèÃÒÂÅéÍÁͧ¤ì¡Ã áÅФÇÒÁÃÇ´àÃçÇ㹡ÒÃà¤Å×è͹äËÇ (¾ÅÇѵ) ¢Í§Í§¤ì¡Ã·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡¡Ò÷ӤÇÒÁà¢éÒã¨ã¹¾Å¡ÓÅѧáÅзÃѾÂҡ÷Õè˹èǧҹËÃ×ͺؤ¤Å˹Öè§ÁÕáÅÐÊÒÁÒö¹ÓÁÒãªéà¾×èͤǺ¤ØÁ¨Ñ´¡Ò÷Ôȷҧ͹Ҥµ µÒÁ¡ÃͺÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ·ÕèµÑé§äÇéä´é ·Ñ駹Õé àÃÒ¤ÇûÃÐàÁÔ¹¤ÇÒÁ«Ñº«é͹¢Í§ºÃÔº··ÕèÃÒÂÅéÍÁͧ¤ì¡Ã¼èÒ¹¡ÒþԨÒóҵÑÇá»Ã·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡ÑºÍ§¤ì¡ÃÇèÒÁÕËÅÒª¹Ô´ËÃ×ÍäÁè, ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§¤ÇÒÁà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ä´éÁÒ¡ËÃ×͹éÍÂ, ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ìÃÐËÇèÒ§µÑÇá»Ãà»ç¹ÍÂèÒ§äÃ, âÍ¡ÒÊ·Õè¨Ðà¡Ô´µÑÇá»ÃãËÁèÁÕÊÙ§ËÃ×͵èÓá¤èä˹, ÃдѺ¤ÇÒÁÃÇ´àÃçÇ㹡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§à»ç¹ÍÂèÒ§äÃ, ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¼Ñ¹¼Ç¹àÃçÇËÃ×ÍäÁè, áµèÅеÑÇá»ÃÊÒÁÒöÊ觼ÅãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ä»ã¹·ÔÈ·Ò§ä˹ä´éºéÒ§

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      ã¹·Ò§¡ÅѺ¡Ñ¹ ËÒ¡à»ç¹Í§¤ì¡Ã·ÕèÍÂÙè·èÒÁ¡ÅÒ§ºÃÔº··ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ«Ñº«é͹ÊÙ§ ¡ÅèÒǤ×Í ÁÕª¹Ô´µÑÇá»ÃÁÒ¡áÅÐËÅÒÂÁÔµÔ ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ìÃÐËÇèÒ§µÑÇá»ÃÊÙ§ µÑÇá»ÃÁÕÍÔ·¸Ô¾Å㹡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§àªÔ§¡Çéҧ㹡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§·ÕèÁÑ¡à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÂÒ¡ áÅÐÁÕµÑÇá»ÃãËÁèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹¹éÍ (scarcely disrupted with diverse drivers in slowly changing environment) ÍÕ¡·Ñé§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒáÓ˹´·ÔÈ·Ò§¡ÒÃà¤Å×è͹äËǢͧͧ¤ì¡Ãä´éÍÂèÒ§ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ ¤ÇÃÁͧ͹Ҥµ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ Preferable Futures ͹Ҥµ·Õè¾Ö§»ÃÐʧ¤ì¢Í§Í§¤ì¡ÃáÅéǨ֧Áͧ¡ÅѺÍ͡仢éÒ§¹Í¡à¾×èÍËÒ Possible Futures áÅÐ Probable Futures à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡Í§¤ì¡ÃàËÅèÒ¹ÕéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒûÃѺµÑÇÊÙ§ ÁÕÈÑ¡ÂÀҾ㹡ÒõèÍÃͧ¡ÑºµÑÇá»ÃµèÒ§æ à¾×èÍ¡ÒáÓ˹´·ÔÈ·Ò§¢Í§Í§¤ì¡ÃãËéµÍºÃѺ¡Ñº¨Ø´á¢ç§ ¨Ø´Íè͹ áÅШشÂ×¹ ÀÒÂã¹Í§¤ì¡Ãä´é ¹Ñ¡Í¹Ò¤µÈÖ¡ÉÒàÃÕ¡͹Ҥµ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÁͧ´Ñ§¡ÅèÒÇÇèÒ Í¹Ò¤µàªÔ§ºÃ÷Ѵ°Ò¹ (Normative Futures) ·ÕèËÁÒ¶֧͹Ҥµ·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡¡Ò÷ӤÇÒÁà¢éÒ㨤ÇÒÁµéͧ¡Òà ¤ÇÒÁàª×èÍ ÁØÁÁͧ áÅФèÒ¹ÔÂÁ·Õè¡Ó˹´¤ÇÒÁµéͧ¡ÒÃÀÒÂã¹Í§¤ì¡Ã à¤Ã×èͧÁ×Í·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ͹Ҥµã¹ÃٻẺ¹Õé¤×Í à¤Ã×èͧÁ×Í㹡ÒäҴ¡Òóì¶ÍÂËÅѧ (Backcasting Tools) àªè¹ Vision building, Normative Scenarios, Futures Workshop ¡ÅèÒǤ×Í¡ÒÃÁͧ ͹ҤµàªÔ§ºÃ÷Ѵ°Ò¹¹Õéà»ç¹¡ÒÃÁͧ¨Ò¡¢éÒ§ã¹ä»ÊÙè¢éÒ§¹Í¡ (Inside-Out Approach) à¢éÒã¨àÃÒ à¾×èÍ·Õè¨ÐÊÃéÒ§à¢Ò â´Â Royal Dutch Shell à»ç¹Ë¹Öè§ã¹ºÃÔÉÑ··ÕèãªéÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒùÕé㹡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ©Ò¡·Ñȹì¢Í§Í§¤ì¡Ã㹪èǧ¡è͹à¡Ô´Çԡĵ¹éÓÁѹâÅ¡ã¹»Õ 1973 à¾×èÍÇҧἹ¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§áËÅ觾Åѧ§Ò¹·´á·¹ ãËÁè¨Ò¡áËÅ觾Åѧ§Ò¹ËÁعàÇÕ¹

      Í¹Öè§ ÊÔ觷Õè¼Ùéʹ㨴éҹ͹ҤµÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÃÃÐÅÖ¡àÊÁͤ×Í Í¹Ò¤µäÁè¤ÇÃáÅШÐäÁè¼Ù¡µÔ´¡ÑºÃٻẺ͹Ҥµ·Õè¼ÙéàªÕèÂǪҭ¤Ò´¡Òóì à¾ÃÒÐ͹Ҥµà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¨Ò¡»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹·Õèà¤Å×è͹·Õèã¹·ÔÈ·Ò§·ÕèËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂÀÒÂãµéÊѧ¤ÁàªÔ§«é͹áÅЫѺ«é͹ (complex and complicated) ÂÔè§àÃÒà¢éÒã¨ÁØÁÁͧ͹ҤµáÅзÕèÁÒ·Õè仢ͧÁØÁÁͧ¹Ñ鹨ҡ¼Ù餹ËÃ×Íͧ¤ì¡Ãä´éÍÂèÒ§ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂÁÒ¡à·èÒäËÃè àÃÒ¨ÐÂÔè§ÁÕͧ¤ì¤ÇÒÁÃÙé·ÕèÊÒÁÒöÁÒàª×èÍÁâ§áÅÐÁͧÀҾ͹Ҥµä´éÍÂèÒ§ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂÁÒ¡¢Öé¹à·èÒ¹Ñé¹

      àǹà´Å àºÅÅì (Wendell Bell) ¹Ñ¡ÇԨѼÙéÇÒ§ÃÒ¡°Ò¹·ÕèÊӤѭ¢Í§Í¹Ò¤µÈÖ¡ÉÒªÕéÇèÒ “There are no past possibilities and there are no future facts“ ͹ҤµÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ö§äÁèãªèͧ¤ì¤ÇÒÁÃÙéà¾×èÍ¡Ò÷ӹÒ à¾ÃÒÐäÁèãªèͧ¤ì¤ÇÒÁÃÙéẺ¤§·Õè áµèà»ç¹ÊÔ觷ÕèÁÕ¾ÅÇѵáÅж١·ÓãËéà¤Å×è͹äËÇÍÂÙèµÅÍ´àÇÅÒ¨Ò¡µÑÇá»ÃµèÒ§æã¹Êѧ¤Á ¹Ñ¡Í¹Ò¤µÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ö§µéͧÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂ×´ÂØè¹ ¤ÅèͧµÑÇ áÅÐà»Ô´¡ÇéÒ§ µèÍ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§·ÕèÁÑ¡¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÍÂèÒ§ÃÇ´àÃçÇ à¤Ã×èͧÁ×ÍáÅÐͧ¤ì¤ÇÒÁÃÙé´éҹ͹ҤµÈÖ¡ÉÒÊÒÁÒöà»ç¹µÑǪèÇÂãËéàÃÒ·Ó¤ÇÒÁà¢éÒ㨡Ѻà˵ءÒóì¤ÇÒÁ¹èÒ¨Ðà»ç¹áÅÐà˵ءÒóì·Õèà»ç¹ä»ä´éã¹Í¹Ò¤µ ·Ñ駹Õé ËÒ¡¨Ð͸ԺÒ¶֧à¤Ã×èͧÁ×ͧ͢͹ҤµÈÖ¡ÉÒ㹺·¤ÇÒÁ¹Õé ÍÒ¨¨Ð·ÓãËé¼ÙéÍèÒ¹ãªéÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ㹡ÒÃÍèÒ¹¹Ò¹¨¹à¡Ô¹ä» ¨Ö§¢Í͹حҵ͸ԺÒÂà¤Ã×èͧÁ×ÍáÅÐͧ¤ì¤ÇÒÁÃÙé·Õè¹Ñ¡Í¹Ò¤µÈÖ¡ÉÒãªéÇÔ¨ÑÂáÅÐÈÖ¡ÉÒàÃ×èͧ͹Ҥµã¹º·¤ÇÒÁµèÍæ ä»

      Í¹Ò¤µÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÓÅѧà»ç¹Ë¹Öè§ã¹Í§¤ì¤ÇÒÁÃÙé·Ò§´éÒ¹ÇÔªÒ¡Ò÷Õèä´éÃѺ¤ÇÒÁʹã¨ÍÂèÒ§¡ÇéÒ§¢ÇÒ§ ¼ÙéÍèÒ¹ËÅÒ·èÒ¹ÍÒ¨¨ÐàÃÔèÁ¤Ø鹪Թ¡ÑºÍ¹Ò¤µÈÖ¡ÉÒºéÒ§äÁèÁÒ¡¡ç¹éͼèÒ¹º·¤ÇÒÁµèÒ§æ ·Ñé§ã¹ÇÒÃÊÒ÷ҧÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃáÅйԵÂÊÒÃàÊÃÔÁÊÃéҧͧ¤ì¤ÇÒÁÃÙéᢹ§µèÒ§æ ©ºÑºÍ͹äŹìËÃ×͵վÔÁ¾ì ·ÇèÒͧ¤ì¤ÇÒÁÃÙé·Ò§´éҹ͹ҤµÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤è͹¢éÒ§«Ñº«é͹áÅÐÂѧà»ç¹ÊÔè§ãËÁèã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ¡Ò÷ӤÇÒÁà¢éÒ㨨ҡ¾×é¹°Ò¹¨Ö§à»ç¹ÊÔ觷ÕèÊӤѭáÅТҴäÁèä´é㹡ÒõèÍÂʹͧ¤ì¤ÇÒÁÃÙéãËéÊÍ´ÃѺ¡ÑººÃÔº·¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â º·¤ÇÒÁ¹ÕéÁØ觹ÓàʹÍàÃ×èͧÃÒǤÇÒÁÃÙéàº×éͧµé¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂǡѺ͹ҤµÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹ÀÒÉÒ·Õèà¢éÒ㨧èÒ¨ҡ»ÃÐʺ¡Òóì¢Í§¼Ùéà¢Õ¹·Õè¡ÓÅѧÈÖ¡ÉÒ´éҹ͹ҤµÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹»ÃÐà·È¿Ô¹áŹ´ì ËÇѧÇèÒ¤§¨Ðà»ç¹»ÃÐ⪹ì¡Ñº¹Ñ¡¤Ô´¹Ñ¡ÇҧἹºéÒ§äÁèÁÒ¡¡ç¹é͹ФÐ


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Bell, Wendell (1997) Foundations of futures studies: human science for a new era. Vol. 2 Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Minkkinen, Matti (2019) Overview of the futures field [PowerPoint presentation]. FUTU1
Foundation of Futures Studies. retrieved 9.9.2019

Minkkinen, Matti (2019) Explorative futures studies [PowerPoint presentation]. FUTU1
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Minkkinen, Matti (2019) Normative futures studies [PowerPoint presentation]. FUTU1
Foundation of Futures Studies retrieved 23.9.2019

Vecchiato, Riccardo (2012) Environmental uncertainty, foresight and strategic decision making: An integrated study. Technological Forecasting & Social Change. Vol. 79, 436–447

Voros, Joseph (2003) A generic foresight process framework. Foresight. Vol. 5 (3), 10– 21.

From : http://www.fpps.or.th